scratch challenge #4;

scratch challenge #7;

scratch challenge #3;

scratch challenge #1;

algorithms flowchart;

flowchart #3;

When flowchart #3 starts, it will ask the question: is switch on? If the answer is no, the question will be asked again until the answer is yes. When the answer is yes, the LED will be turned on then the timer starts. If it hasn't been a second since the timer started, the question will be asked until a second passes and the answer is yes. When the answer is yes, the Led will be turned off and the timer will be reset.

flowchart #2;

When flowchart #2 starts, it reads the temperature. It asks the question: is the temperature less than 32? If yes, "Below Freezing" will be printed. If no, "Above Freezing" will be printed.

algorithms;

1. Opening a door and entering a room
twist knob > is the door locked?
> yes - put in a key
> no > open door > enter room

2. Negotiating traffic lights as you drive down a street
is there a car passing left and right?
> yes - wait until cars pass
> no > continue driving

flowchart #1;

When flowchart #1 starts, it will continue to step 1 in which a decision need to be made: choice 1 or choice 2? if choice 2 is chosen, step 1 needs to be repeated and will ask the question again. If choice 1 is chosen, it will continue from steps 2 to 6 until it reaches the end.

repetition;

A loop (also called repetition) is one of three basic logic structures in computer programming. In a repetition structure, the program asks a 'question' and if the 'answer' requires an action, the question is repeated aagain until an action is no longer required to answer the question. Logic problems can be solved forming algorithms using a loop structure.

selection;

A selection (also called decision) is one of three basic logic structures in computer programming. In a selection structure, a 'question' is asked and the program answers by taking one of two 'courses of action' (choices). It is then the program moves to the next 'question' (event). Logic probems in programming can be solved by forming algorithms using a selection structure.

sequence;

A sequence is one of three basic logical structure in computer programming. In a sequence structure, an action takes place in a sequence - a predetermined order. Logic problems in programming can be solved by forming algorithms using a sequence structure.

flowchart;

A flowchart is a graphical representation of decisions and its results mapped out in shapes. It allows for a step by step diagram to be drawn out. It is used in situations like for steps in programming code or troubleshooting a computer. An example of a computer flowchart is:

high-level language;

A high-level language is a programming language with strong representation of the details of the computer. It enables a programmer to write programs that are indendent of a type of computer. They are called high-level because they are more similar to human languages and different from machine languages. Examples of high-level language include: C, FORTRAN, Pascal.

machine language;

The set of instructions in binary form that is used to represent operations and data - which is interpreted by a computer's central processing unit.

psuedocode;

A pseudocode is a description of the purpose of a computer program or algorithm (its functions), expressed in natural language rather than in a formal language. This is why it is intended for human reading rather than machine reading. Sometimes it is used

algorithms;

A simple way to define algorithm is: it is a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a problem, implemented or simulated by a program. It is a method used to calculate a function. It is for calculation, data processing and automated reasoning.

overcoming problems;

1. I tried out different keywords suggested in the question and searched them in Google. If I failed to find anything, I searched further into the Google pages and tried out other search engines.

2. Like I did with the previous question, I searched further. I first went to YouTube and again, tried out different keywords. I also checked other video websites (through Google).

3. I wasn't too positive on what to include in the Social Networking topic so I checked StudentNet. It wasn't until I looked and read through the tasks that I found what I had to include in the topic of social networking. However, when I didn't find too much information, I still searched for more.

4. Unfortunately, I was unable to restore my previous progress. Fortunately, I kept a list of the websites I visited to complete my research. With the links that I recorded, I redid the slides and topics.

5. Because I was having troubles researching for the topics, I just took the initiative to research further.

6. I watched videos from YouTube and read tutorials for the best option to insert videos into PowerPoint without requiring Internet connection. They made sense but every time I opened the Developer tab, PowerPoint crashed. So instead, I went with the simplest way to retrieve the YouTube video - download it. I used a program to download YouTube videos and used a file converter so that it is compatible with PowerPoint.

7. I had to do it all manually and grouped the action buttons together. I then copied the grouped buttons and pasted them through all the sides, ensuring that it was hyperlinked correctly. I then double checked the buttons to see if they are correct.

problems i encountered;

1. I found it difficult to find information on the last few questions for each topic:

A "simple" explanation of how it works.

Future directions, what is waiting around the corner, what is the next "new" technology in this area?

I couldn't find the information on the general topic - I could only find the answers for its types.

2. It couldn't find relevant videos that would suit the topic that I am researching.

3. I did not know what to include in the Social Networking topic.

4. Computer crashed before I was able to save my process.

5. I started off with very limited research, having slides that barely contained information in it.

6. I had problems with deciding on which way to insert the videos in the eBook. I started off by embedding the YouTube videos but I realised that you would require Internet connection in order for it to play.

7. I had difficulty with the action buttons. Since I was duplicating slides, the same contents were copied, including the hyperlinks. The action buttons were hyperlinked all over the place.

bluetooth;

Bluetooth

http://www.cnet.com.au/what-is-bluetooth-240091501.htm

http://gizmo.com.au/infocentre/articles/bluetooth.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bluetooth.htm

http://www.bluetomorrow.com/about-bluetooth-technology/general-bluetooth-information/bluetooth-advantages.html

http://www.blue-tooth-wireless.com/Advantages_And_Disadvantages_Of_Bluetooth.html

http://www.ehow.com/list_6068148_bluetooth-advantages-disadvantages.html

http://www.ecadconsulting.com/nyc/ECAD%20Presents%20Smart%20Home.pdf

http://headsetsonly.com.au/blog/2011/03/18/bluetooth-devices-the-pastthe-present-and-the-futurebluetooth-headsets-sydney-bluetooth-headsets-melbourne-bluetooth-headsets-brisbane/

http://www.ehow.com/about_5394040_features-bluetooth-technology.html

http://www.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm

secondary storage;

Secondary Storage

http://saypoint.blogspot.com/2011/02/secondary-storage-device-in-pc.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage

http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/secondary-auxiliary-storage

USB

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive

http://www.usb4ever.com/usb/usb-flash-drive--advantages-and-limits.html

http://www.ehow.com/list_5860311_disadvantages-usb-flash-drive.html

Floppy Disk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/floppy_disk.html

http://www.ehow.com/list_7413882_advantages-floppy-discs.html

http://www.wong-sir.com/cit/information_processing/floppy_disk.htm

Blu-ray

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc

http://www.blu-ray.com/info/

http://www.ehow.com/list_6644477_advantages-disadvantages-blu-ray-disk.html

http://www.gizmocafe.com/tv-video/guide-blu-ray-pros.aspx

http://www.gizmocafe.com/tv-video/guide-blu-ray-cons.aspx

Magnetic Tape

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage

http://www.ehow.com/list_6633025_advantages-disadvantages-magnetic-tapes.html

http://www.ehow.com/info_8753639_advantages-disadvantages-cassettes.html

Paper Tape

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_tape

RAM Disks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM_disk

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAM_disk.html

http://www.speedguide.net/articles/ramdisk-guide-131

http://lennartb.home.xs4all.nl/bootloaders/node5.html

http://www.clarkwood.com/old/rambunctious_os9/glossary.html

Zip Drives

http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Zip-drive

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-zip-drive.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_drive

http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080915000812AAsJkUv

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_a_zip_drive

How it works

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-does-a-flash-drive-work.html

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4605435_usb-work.html

Future Directions

http://www.blue-cloner.com/resource/ongoing-development.html

social networking;

Social Networking:

http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_service

http://ezinearticles.com/?Types-of-Social-Networking-Sites&id=4019476

Forums

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum

http://www.templatefolio.com/articles/1151754499.html

http://www.akamarketing.com/forums-pros-and-cons.html

http://skunkfoo.blogspot.com/2008/03/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-forums.html

Blogs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog

http://www.onlineedublog.com/blogs/

http://daparky.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-blogging/

Photo Sharing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_sharing

http://lenzus.com/cgi/article?FreePhotoSharingSites

http://www.ehow.com/about_5104644_disadvantages-sharing-pictures-online.html

Video Sharing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_video_hosting_services

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100516200128AACJRqh

http://www.ehow.com/info_8356503_advantages-disadvantages-videosharing-websites.html

Social

http://screamable.com/advantages-of-social-networking.html

http://www.everyday-wisdom.com/social-networking.html

How it works

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_features

Future Directions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwnJ5Bl4kLI

http://www.google.com/+/learnmore

handheld devices;

Handheld devices:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device

http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/glossary/g/What-Is-A-Mobile-Device.htm

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hand_held_computer.html

PDA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-pda-personal-digital-assistant.htm

http://www.pdaed.com/vertical/tutorials/whatispda.xml

http://www.ehow.com/list_6012597_advantages-vs_-disadvantages-owning-pda.html

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_pda's

Digital Camera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-digital-cameras.html

Camcorder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camcorder

http://ezinearticles.com/?Benefits-of-Using-Camcorders&id=3060542

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_camcorder

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090225194046AAb3keK

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_of_a_digital_camcorder

Smartphone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone

http://www.phonebuddy.com.au/mobile-phones/what-is-a-smartphone

http://cellphones.about.com/od/smartphonebasics/a/what_is_smart.htm

http://smartphones-magazine.com/2011/01/smartphone-advantages-and-disadvantages/

http://www.ehow.com/list_7468796_disadvantages-smartphones.html

Pager

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pager

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080801225701AAr3gNH

GPS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_navigation_device

http://www.ehow.com/list_5912431_advantages-disadvantages-gps-systems.html

Tablet Computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer

http://www.sitetube.com/miscellaneous/what-tablet-pcs-can-do-for-you.shtml

http://teknoise.com/2011/04/06/laptop-vs-tablet-computers-ipad-advantages-and-disadvantages/

How it works

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/smartphone1.htm

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4618345_smart-phone-work.html

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5004871_a-smartphone-work.html

Future Directions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zto6aTZM9t0

http://research.nokia.com/morph

wix pros and cons;

Pros:

♦ very versatile - allows user to insert various types of media

♦ user friendly interface

♦ easy to edit and navigate

♦ allows menu system

♦ user can produce appealing websites

♦ wide range of themes

Cons:

♦ some themes are difficult to edit

♦ no convenient way to collaborate

♦ for other users to access, the account holder must give their account details

♦ information may be over-written if users save on separate computers

prezi pros and cons;

Pros:

♦ appealing customisable layout

♦ creative features - paths, charts, etc.

♦ unique concept

♦ allows user to insert various types of media

♦ good for presentations

♦ allows users to collaborate on the same project simultaneously

♦ never-ending - the working space is unlimited

♦ downloadable final copy

Cons:

♦ difficult to add and change components in a presentation

♦ complex if you don't understand how to use the features

♦ complicated until you get used to it - which takes practice

♦ hard to navigate

♦ limited themes

♦ takes time to put together

♦ predetermined linear order

♦ no menu system / navigation for viewer

multimedia presentation tools;

Prezi:

http://prezi.com/-7u93iujsyz_/ist-demonstration/

Wix:

http://www.wix.com/09xcalder/ist-demonstration

Evaluation of versatility, ease of use and ability to collaborate are included in the presentations.

ebook slides;

Title Page

Navigation

Contents

Topic Contents

Topic Definition and Uses

Normal Slide

multimedia ebook plan;

For my assessment, I must utilise as many multimedia items as possible - ones that are relevant, of course. For this assessment, I should do as much research as I can so that I can fully understand the topic and can therefore type it in a way that is suitable for reading. I decided that first, I must choose the template for the PowerPoint so that I wouldn't deal with the problem of redoing the slides. After picking the template, I chose to do the default slides so that I can duplicate it. See above post ↑

I chose to work individually so I will be choosing 4 topics for my multimedia ebook.

The topics I chose for my multimedia ebook are:

♦ Handheld Devices

♦ Social Networking

♦ Secondary Storage

♦ Bluetooth

scenario #6;

"She says she wants to be able to buy apps. What are apps what sort of useful apps could she access? What types of phones can buy and use apps?"

'App' is short for application, which is designed to help the user perform specific tasks. There are many apps that are suitable for everyone. Depending on her age, she may prefer apps for music, students, work, fun and games, social networking, etc. There is a very large range of applications to choose from and they can be useful to her. Every phone have the basic apps - like SMS, mobile music, games and pictures. Apple's App Store has the world's largest collection of mobile apps, meaning the phone with the widest range of apps was the iPhone.

scenario #5;

"She wants to take lots of video and photos. How do I know which phone can store the most videos and photos?"

The best phones to get, especially for the capturing of videos and photos, are the ones with a relatively large memory and a decent megapixel camera. The phones that can store the most videos and photos are the ones with large amounts of GBs. The iPhone 4 has 32GB is able to store up to 12 000 photos and it also has a good quality camera. For cheaper phones, you can purchase miniSD cards, that you need to buy more if all the space is used up.

scenario #4;

"Are all phone as smart as one another? What is the smartest phone at the moment and why?"

No, and this is because there are so many different types of phones. Though obviously, the smartest phones are the smartphones. Of all the smartphones, however, Apple's iPhone is regarded as the 'smartest' phone at the moment. It has many great features including: FaceTime (video call), Retina Display (sharp and high-resolution screen), Multitasking (switch between apps), HD video recording and editing, 5MP camera, etc. These features as well as many others are superior compared to other smartphones at the moment.

scenario #3;

"My daughter wants a phone with a capacitive touch screen. They seem more expensive, what advantages do they offer over other types of touch screen?

There are three types of touch screen: capacitive, resistive and surface acoustive wave. Over the other two, the capacitive emits 90% of light ray, making the screen clearer compared to the other types of touch screen. The capacitive touch screens can only function with the use of fingers, meaning that a stylus would not be needed. The benefit of this is that she wouldn't be worrying about losing a stylus. Also, it has a long life because of its resistivity to things other than human skin.

scenario #2;

The mother says "She wants the camera in the phone to be at least 5 Meg thingys, what does this mean? Does she need it?"

The correct term is actually 'megapixels', which can be abbreviated as MP. This term is used to refer to the number of pixels that the camera can hold in an image. The higher the megapixels, the better the quality of the image you can take with the camera. For phones, 5 megapixels is very decent. If she likes to take photos, then this amount of megapixels is recommended.

scenario #1;

My daughter insists that her phone be Wifi capable. What does this mean? Why does she need it?

A phone that is 'Wi-fi capable' means that the device can be able to access the Internet through a wi-fi enabled network. I wouldn't necessarily say that she would need it. However, having a phone that is wi-fi cable would be advantageous especially if she tends to access the Internet (whether it's for social networking sites or Facebook, or watching videos on Youtube). It is extremely convenient that just about everywhere she will go, she will be able to easily access the Internet and do the activities that she enjoys.

byte conversions;

1000MB = 1GB

500GB = 500 000MB

5000KB = 5MB

number of bytes;

The following are the number of bytes in each prefix:

Kilo = 1024

Mega = 1 048 576

Giga = 1 073 741 824

Tera = 1 099 511 627 776

byte definition;

A byte is when bits are 'bundled' together into 8-bit collection, thus forming a byte. Ultimately, a byte is comprised of 8 bits.

base-2 binary;

The following numbers are written using the base-2 system:

21:

21 = 20 + 1

21 = 16 + 4 + 1

21 = (2^4) + (2^2) + (2^0)

21 = 10101

24:

24 = 16 + 8

24 = (2^4) + (2^3)

24 = 11000

30:

30 = 16 + 8 + 4 + 2

30 = (2^4) + (2^3) + (2^2) + (2^1)

30 = 11110

base-10: 4321;

In the base-10 system, 4321 would be written as:

(4 x 1000) + (3 x 100) + (2 x 20) + (1 x 1) = 4000 + 300 + 20 + 1

binary numbers;

Binary numbers don't use base-10, but instead use the base-2 system. The digits available in base-2 are 0 and 1, having 10 possible values ranging from 0 to 9.

bit;

The word 'bit' originated from the term binary digit - with two possible values of 0 and 1.

'normal' numbers;

digit;

A digit is a single place that can hold numerical values between 0 and 9. They are combined together to form larger numbers. They can be compared to bits to gain a better understanding.

notebook/netbook/ipad;

mid;

umpc;

mid vs umpc;

Mobile Internet Device vs Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer;

The following are features that each type of device possesses.

UMPC:
• Business-class device for enterprise users
• Runs a 'heavy' OS like Vista
• Optimised for office-use application like Excel, Word, etc.

MID:
• Consumer-class lifestyle device
• Runs a 'lightweight' OS with quick startup like Linux
• Optimised for things like media playback and web surfing

The following are examples of each device.

UMPC:
• Samsung Galaxy Tab
• Viliv S5
• Dell Inspiron Mini 9

MID:
• N810
• Lenovo Ideapad U8
• Gigabyte M528

ipad vs netbook;

notebook vs netbook;

intel atom processor;

According to the website, the benefits and capabilities of the Intel Atom Processor is:
• A new range of power-efficient devices with excellent performance enabled by industry-leading 45nm high-k metal gate technology and soon, 32nm silicon process technology
• Highly integrated application processor that transforms every day devices
• Smaller, more compact designs with a thermal design power (TDP) ranging from less than 1 watt to 13 watts
• Low power options in select devices enabling incredibly low idle, allowing devices to conserve energy
• Better performance and increased system responsiveness enabled by Intel Hyper-Threading Technology

multitasking;

Like the word suggests, multitasking is doing multiple tasks at once. In terms of processing, multitasking allows the computer to stream through more data streams and programs. A dual core processor boosts the system's multitasking computing power. Dual core processors provide two complete execution cores instead of one. Sicne each core has its own cache, the operating system has sufficient resources to handle intensive tasks in parallel, which provides a noticeable improvement to multitasking.

dual core processor;

A dual core processor is a CPU with two separate cores on the same die, each with its own cache. It's the equivalent of getting two microprocessors in one.

In a single-core processor, the CPU is fed strings of instructions it must order, execute, then selectively store in its cache for quick retrieval. The situation is compounded when multi-tasking. In this case, the processor must switch back and forth between two or more sets of data streams and programs - this affects the CPU's performance.

In a dual core processor, each core handles incoming data strings simultaneously - this improves its efficiency and performance.

the cpu;

Central Processing Unit;

The CPU, also known as the microprocessor, is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. It is a microchip that serves as the computer's 'brain' and 'heart'. It is this chip that recives data input, processes information and executes instructions.

The name of the first single chip micropressor was Intel 4004. It was introduced to the public in November 1971.

The following is a table of the progression of the CPU from its initial introduction to 2004.
TABLE

MIPS measures the performance of the CPU according to how many 'millions of instructions per second'.

advantages and disadvantages;

multimedia technologies;

multimedia service;

The multimedia application that would be hardest to be without is the World Wide Web/Internet. A key advantage of the Internet is the ease of communication. In today's society, individuals

using multimedia;

Multimedia is simply multiple forms of media integrated together. Individual content forms combined in multimedia are: text, audio, still images, animation, video footage and interactivity.

Examples of multimedia application include:
• World Wide Web
• TV (eg. interactive)
• computer games
• virtual reality
• PowerPoint
• Computers
• DVD
• BluRay
• iPods
• mobile phones

nbn;

National Broadband Network;

The NBN will be using a combination of fibre optic technology, fixed wireless and satellite technology (mainly fibre optic). Fibre optic technology converts electric signals carrying data to light and sends the light through narrow transparent glass fibres.

The expected speed of NBN for an average broadband is 100Mbps. The peak speed of NBN is 1Gbps (1024 megabits).

Connections at 25Mbps start at $37.50/month and run up to $84.50/month for 200G of data and a 10Mpbs uplink.

I think that Australia should invest in the NBN. I believe that the NBN will improve the online experience (considering it has a colossal expected speed). Even if the expected cost is quite high, I believe that it will reduce and the NBN will be a good deal.

providers;

The following are Internet Service Provders (ISPs) and the cost for 500GB ADSL2+:
• BigPond - $159
• Optus - $69.99
• TPG - $29.99

Comparing a different plan (50GB Cable):
• BigPond - $49.95
• iiNet - $ 69.95
• Optus - $49.95

fibre optic;

Fibre optic technology converts electrical signals carrying data to light and sends the light through very narrow transparent glass fibres. Fibre optic technology is more expensive than other broadband delivery.

Fibre optics provide extremely high bandwidth - no other cable-based data transmission medium offers the bandwidth that fibre does. It is easy to accomodate increasing bandwidth and it has a resistance to electromagnetic interference 0 it has a very low rate of bit error. It provides a secure transmission medium where cable damages can be detected early and there are secure transmissions.

The installation costs are still very high, despite the prices dropping. Special test equipment is often required - which are additional costs. Fibre optics are susceptible to physical damage since it is a small and compact cable, it can be cut or damaged. The cables can cause wildlife damage - to birds who peck at the fibre cable jackets.

Speed:
Similar to cable modem, fibre optic has speeds of up to 8 Mbps, 9.9 Mbps, 17Mbps and 30Mbps - it exceeds DSL or cable modem speeds.

adsl/dsl;

(Assymetric) Digital Subscriber Line;
DSL broadband service leverages existing copper telephone lines already installed in most businesses and homes to deliver broadband.

ADSL offers independent services where loss of high speed data does not mean you lsoe your telephone service. There is more security so that each subscriber can be configured so that it will not be on the same network. ADSL offers a high bandwidth and has cheap line charges from the phone company.

ADSL broadband can be quite expensive - counting the installation costs. The data rate depends on how far you live from the DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) - which has a lower data rate the further away you are. Because of this, there is limited access with rural areas getting shorted.

Speed:
256kbps/64kbps to 1500kbps/256kbps

cable;

Cable modem broadband service allows cable providers to deliver broadband using coaxial cables which deliver cable TV service to many consumers.

With cable broadband, it has a high-speed connection and data transfer rate - useful for online gaming. Since it is faster, you will spend less time online and get the most value out of your designated usage hours. Also, it does not require a phone line which means that you always have a ready connection, there is no dialing for that connection, there is no dial-up fee and you can stay connected at all times without being cut off by incoming calls.

The speed, however, differs depending on how many people in your area are connected at the same time - so it does not always operate at the highest possible speed. The connection can be expensive and not all areas can access cable Internet. For those who do not use the internet regularly, cable may be a wasted expense.

Speed:
up to 8 Mbps, 9.9 Mbps, 17Mbps and 30Mbps

wireless;

Wireless broadband uses a radio link between the user's location and the service provider's facility. Wireless broadband Internet providers can provide permanent Internet access solutions to customers (often in rural areas) who do not have access to wireline services. This type of wireless broadband access is provided by Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and is often used for public Internet access.

The main advantage of wireless broadband is that you can take your Internet connection anywhere you want. They provide high speed internet access without wires or cable infrastructure. It provides versatility in terms of providing good service not only in lightly populated areas, but also to highly populated aresas. The cost to set up a wireless broadband is cheaper than setting up 'wired broadband'.

The disadvantages of wireless broadband is that it has limited availability, security issues and you would need to have some technical knowledge if you want to set up the wireless network completely.

Speed:
200kbps to 3000kbps (3.0Mbps)

broadband;

The definition of bandwidth ranges according to the context.

In terms of telecommunications, broadband refers to a signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range (or band) of frequencies, which may be divided into channels or frequency bins. The definition of bandwidth ranges according to the context.

gantt chart;

synopsis;

This short video recounts the story of Buzz Lightyear as he undergoes several processes to locate his lost cookie. Through the use of his detective skills and memory, Buzz interviews potential suspects to find the culprit. Targeting the mass market (general audience), this video demonstrates the relentlessness of individuals when they lose a treasured item and the lengths they would go through to find it.

cyberlink powerdirector 2011;

Overview (official website):


Comparing to Windows Live Movie Maker:
red - Windows Movie Maker
purple - Cyberlink PowerDirector
Platforms Supported -
Windows 2000 - yes; no
Windows 7 - no; yes
Windows Vista - yes; yes
Windows XP - yes; yes

List Price -
$0; $69

Features -
Colour Correction - no; yes
Full-screen playback - yes; yes
Hi-Def Support - yes; yes
Linear timecode display - no; yes
Storyboard Mode - yes; yes

Hi-Def Import Formats Supported -
1080i - yes; yes
720p - yes; yes
AVC-1 - no; yes
AVCHD - yes; yes
HDV - yes; yes
Uncompressed HD - no; yes

Export Formats Supported -
DVD - yes; yes
High Definition - yes; yes
MPEG-4 - no; yes
Podcasts - no; yes
Print to tape - yes; yes
QuickTime - no; yes
Smart Phone - yes; yes
Web - no; yes
Windows Media - yes; yes

Max Audio Tracks -
2; 4

Max Video Tracks -
1; 10

Reviews:
http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/graphics-and-media-software/video-editing-software/cyberlink-powerdirector-8-625393/review
http://www.trustedreviews.com/CyberLink-PowerDirector-8_Software_review
http://video-editing-software-review.toptenreviews.com/powerdirector-review.html

adobe premiere cs5;

Overview (official website):


Comparing to Windows Live Movie Maker:
red - Windows Movie Maker
purple - Adobe Premiere Pro
Platforms Supported -
Mac OS X - no; yes
Windows 2000 - yes; no
Windows 7 - no; yes
Windows Vista - yes; yes
Windows XP - yes; yes

List Price -
$0; $1699

Features -
Changeable Aspect Ratios - no; yes
Colour Correction - no; yes
Drag and Drop - no; yes
Full-screen playback - yes; yes
Green Screen Editing - no; yes
Hi-Def Support - yes; yes
Linear timecode display - no; yes
Storyboard Mode - yes; yes

Hi-Def Import Formats Supported -
1080i - yes; yes
720p - yes; yes
AVCHD - yes; yes
DVCPRO HD - no; yes
HDV - yes; yes
IMX - no; yes
REDCODE - no; yes
Uncompressed HD - no; yes
XDCAM HD - no; yes

Export Formats Supported -
Blu-ray - no; yes
DVD - yes; yes
DivX - no; yes
High Definition - yes; yes
MPEG-4 - no; yes
Print to tape - yes; yes
QuickTime - no; yes
Smart Phone - yes; yes
Upload to Youtube - no; yes
Web - no; yes

Max Audio Tracks -
2; 99

Max Video Tracks -
1; 99

Reviews:
http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/graphics-and-media-software/image-editing-software/adobe-creative-suite-cs5-690548/review
http://www.trustedreviews.com/Adobe-Premiere-Pro-CS5_Software_review
http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=5699&review=Adobe+Premiere+Pro+CS5+Review

iphone file type;

Videos recorded and stored on the iPhone are QuickTime Movies.

The file format for QuickTime Movies is called the QuickTime File Format (QTFF) and the file extension is .mov. QTFF is developed by Apple Inc.

The format specifies a multimedia container file that contains one or more tracks, each of which stores a particular type of data: audio, video, effects or text. QuickTime and MP4 container formats can use the same MPEG-4 formats so they are mostly interchangeable.

iphone 4;

transferring video;

There are several ways to transfer video from an iPhone to a computer. Most of these methods would involve using an Apple Dock Connector to USB Cable. Methods include:

• Various programs can transfer files from the iPhone to computer - especially iTunes. However, the computer may not have the program.

• After connecting iPhone to computer, 'AutoPlay' will open and provide you with options, many of which would include something like: 'Import Pictures and Videos'. Choose 'Import pictures and videos using Windows'.

• Also in AutoPlay, there is an option that says 'Open device to view files'. Continue clicking the folders until you reach the folder with pictures and videos in. Here you can choose whichever picture/videos you want to transfer. Copy and paste.

• Start>My Computer Click folders until you reach the folder with the video. Copy and paste.

• If you don't have the connector, you can email the video to your account then download it to the computer.

• There are also apps that can transfer videos from the iPhone to the computer. (eg. apps that use bluetooth)

audio file formats;

WAV: .wav

Waveform Audio File Format;

WAV is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It is an application for storing data in 'chunks'. It is the main format used on Windows systems for raw and typically uncompressed audio. WAV is a leading format used by professional-level audio and video applications.

MP3: .mp3

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III;

MP3 is a patented (doesn't have a universally accepted definition) digital audio encoding using a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio storage as well as the conventional standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on digital audio players.

AIFF: .aiff .aif .aifc

Audio Interchange File Format;

AIFF is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for PCs and other electronic audio devices. It is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems. The audio data in a standard AIFF file is uncompressed pulse-code modulation (method to digitally represent sampled analog signals). Standard AIFF is a leading format used by professional-level audio and video applications.

decibel;

The decibel is used to measure sound level and is widely used in electronics, signals and communication. The decibel is a logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio - which may be power, sound pressure, voltage or intensity or others.

The symbol for decibel is dB.

hertz;

Hertz is a term in audio used to describe frequency or tone. It is the unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second. Human hearing is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 to 20 000 Hz. One of its most common uses is the description of sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications.

The symbol for hertz is Hz.

frequency;

Audio frequency refers to/represents the range of signals that are audible to the human ear. It is the property of sound that most determines pitch. Ultimately, audio frequency refers to the number of cycles per unit of time. It is measured in hertz (Hz). The general range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20 000 Hz, varying from individual to individual.

track;

A track is a single stream of any audio which contains channel/s. Tracks can be viewed and altered digitally. In the program Audacity, a track is shown in a waveform display.

Digital audio tracks let you store audio data as digital sound values rather than as musical symbols. A digital audio track works like a recording tape that you can include in a musical document and on which you can record whatever you want for subsequent playback.

channel;

Channel refers to an individual discrete audio track. One channel is just one separate stream of audio information. There is only one channel in mono audio sources. More commonly, there are sources that hold two channels - stereo sources. Sources with more than two channels are referred to as multichannel.

stereo;

Audio stereo refers to sound which is divided into two separate channels. These two channels are played back simultaneously via separate speakers. This causes it to create a fuller sound and provide the ability to mix sounds between both channels. Humans hear the world with two ears so using dual sound sources make it more realistic.

The following are examples of stereo sound:

• spreading the instruments in a music track from left to right

• following the action in a video

lossy file formats;

Audio:

• AAC - .mp4 .m4a .3gp

• ATRAC - .oma .aa3

• MP3 - .mp3

• MPEG-1 - .mp2

• Musepack - .mpc .mpp

• WMA - .wma

Still Image:

• CPC - .cpc

• DjVu - .djvu .djv

• JPEG - .jpg .jpeg

Video:

• DV - .dv .dif

• MNG - .mng

• MPEG-1 - .mpg .mpeg .mp2 .mp3 .mpa

• MPEG-2 - .mpg .mpeg .mp2 .mp3 .m2v

• Ogg Theora - .ogv

psychology & perception;

In methods of lossy compression, human psychology and perception is an important factor. This is because in lossy compressions, very little of the information from a file is still there. Without the deception of how the human eye perceives the difference of information, the file would be very noticeably different from the original. Without our minds to 'fill in the blanks', we would recognise the errors and inconsistencies in a lossy compression.

lossy vs lossless;

The method that offers the greatest compression ratio is lossy compression. The compression ratio of lossy video codecs are generally more superior to audio and still-image.
• The video can be compressed immensely at a 100:1 ratio with little visible quality loss.
• Audio can often be compressed at a 10:1 ratio with imperceptible loss of quality
• Still images are also often compressed at a 10:1 ratio.
The compression rate of lossy compression is about 5-6% while the rate of lossless compression ranges from 50 - 60%.

lossy & lossless;

Lossy and lossless compression are terms that describe whether or not, in the compression of file, all original data can be recovered when the file is uncompressed.

Lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there (however, it usually goes unnoticed). Lossy compression is generally used for video and audio where a certain amount of information loss will not be detected.
The JPEG image file uses lossy compression.

With lossless compression, every bit of data that was originally in the file remains after the file is uncompressed. All the information is restored completely. Generally, this type of compression is used for text or spreadsheet files where the loss of data would pose a potential problem.
The GIF image file uses lossless compression.

data compression importance;

Data compression is very important for the 'online world'. When visiting a website, all the picture files that our browser downloads (file extensions like .png, .jpg and .gif) are all compressed. This also includes videos when online.
Files that are relatively large can be compressed so that they are smaller in size. For example, if an mp3 file is 20MB originally, it can be shrunken to around 3-4MB through compression. This makes it easier to transfer data across the Internet (whether by downloading or uploading).

data compression;

Data compression is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation would use. Like the compression of images, it reduces the size and quality of the data which could then degrade the quality. Essentially, it is the process of encoding large files in order to shrink them down in size.

Data compression ratio is a term used to quantify the reduction in data-representation produced by a data compression algorithm. The compression ratio is:
compressed size
uncompressed size
(compressed size over uncompressed size)

generation loss;

Generation loss refers to the quality and potential increase of file size between subsequent copies of data. Anything that reduces the quality of the representation when copying, and would cause further reduction in quality upon making another copy from the copy, can be considered a form of generation loss.

In video, the video degredation is caused by successive recordings from the original source. It can also refer to the analog duplication of original video recording.

codec;

Codec is a technical name for 'compression/decompression'. It can also stand for 'compressor/decompressor' and 'code/decode'. Essentially, a codec is a computer program that both shrinks large movie files and makes them playable on your computer. Codec programs are required for your media player so that they are playable on your computer. This is useful since large video and music files are difficult to transfer across the Internet quickly. These mathematical codecs were built to encode (shrink) a signal for transmission then decode it for viewing or editing.

They are used in: videoconferencing, streaming media and video editing applications.

video standards;

NTSC

National Television System Committee;

The NTSC format consists of 29.97 interlaced frames of video a second, each consisting of 480 lines of vertical resolution out of a total of 525 (the rest are used for sync, vertical retrace, and other data such as captioning).

PAL

Phase Alternating Line;

PAL describes the way that part of the part of the colour information on the video signal is reversed in phase with each line, which automatically corrects phase errors in the transmission of the signal. The PAL colour system is usually used with a video format that has 625 lines per frame and a refresh rate of 25 frames per second.

SECAM

Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire/Sequential Colour with Memory;

SECAM is an analog television system, using frequency modulation to encode chrominance information. It is so named because it uses memory to store lines of color information, in order to eliminate the color artifacts found on systems using the NTSC standard.

Australia uses the PAL standard.

ieee 1394 port;

An IEEE 1394 port is also known as a FireWire. It is a component originated from Apple which allows connection of peripherals to a computer, such as video cameras. IEEE 1394 ports are like USB ports which are entry points for devices that you want to connect to your computer.

It allows you to get feeds from a high-resolution video camera onto a computer without experiencing issues. It also functions through peer-to-peer network, which means that devices can connect and 'talk' to each other without needing a computer. Because of this, today they have become a standard for high-bandwidth devices.

The following is an image of an IEEE 1394 port:

digital camera & video compression;

rgb;

Red Green Blue;

It is an additive colour model in which the three hues of light - red, green and blue - are added together in various ways so that they may reproduce a broader array of various colours. Essentially, these hues are 'mixed' together to form any colour.

The following is a colour model of RGB:

resolution;

Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image, or in this case, videos. The resolution is the number of pixels per square inch/dots per inch (dpi). It describes the details a frame holds so the greater the resolution of a frame, the better quality the video is.

The following is a comparison with the same image, each with different resolutions:

-

video & movie frame rate;

In terms of video and movie, frame rate is the frequency/rate which each frame is flashed on a screen.

To answer the question, no, videos/movies don't all have the same frame rate. The rate in which the frame flashes varies according to the type/kind of video or movie that is being filmed. In fast-paced action movies or live sports matches, there would be a lot of cuts and varied fps. In slower types of videos/movies, a lower fps can be used. An example could include putting pictures and images together (animation) and changing the frame rate.

frame rate;

Frame rate is the frequency at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. Frame rate is used to measure the speed in which a frame stays still.
It is usually expressed as frames per seconds, but in terms of videos, they are expressed as hertz.

ringtones;

RINGTONEESS

advantages of digital video;

Digital video has may advantages due to its ease of use, portability and durability. The advantages of digital video include:
• enhanced learning as moving pictures with sound are more effective than stills
• footage can be updated or changed with ease
• digital video adds a whole dimension to presentations as it can easily be incorporated computer presentations
• with network capabilities, presentations can be distributed easily
• since digital video clips are basically files, they can be integrated into many databases

internet speed;

School's internet speed:

From Sydney
Download speed: 0.30 Mbps
Upload speed: 0.64 Mbps

From the US
Download speed: 0.13 Mbps
Upload speed: 0.54 Mbps

The data transfer rates vary because -

internet use;

For December 2010:

In December 2010, 10 446 people subscribed to the internet.

Of these numbers, 2 333 were for business and government use and 8 122 were household subscribers.

broadband vs dial up;

image

advantages of broadband;

When downloading or streaming videos, having a broadband connection is better than having a dial up. This is because the speed that a broadband connection provides is much more faster than dial up. In terms of downloading/streaming videos, a broadband connection transfers much more data - therefore, it is quicker to download. For large files, it would take a couple of seconds/minutes for a broadband connection to download and most likely a couple of hours for dial up connection.

broadband & dial up speeds;

Dial up speeds usually provide a speed of 56 kbps, with some providing speeds of up to 320 kbps.
Broadband internet connection is generally around 2 mbps.

In comparison, broadband connection is just under 2 mbps (2000 kbps) faster than dial up connection.

bandwidth units;

There are several ways to measure bandwidth, with some measurements very similar and others often confused.

Data rate units:
• kilobits per seconds - Kbps
• kilobytes per second - KB/s
• megabits per second - Mbps
• megabytes per second - Mb/s

broadband;

The definition of bandwidth ranges according to the context.

In terms of telecommunications, broadband refers to a signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range (or band) of frequencies, which may be divided into channels or frequency bins.

storyboard;

-

pictures;

labville:
http://i946.photobucket.com/albums/ad308/NazriTakiya/techno.jpg

characters;

Protagonist:
buzz lightyear

Acquaintances/Suspects:
robot
mickey & minnie
alvin & simon
winnie the pooh
jessie

Antagonist:
alvin & simon

final plot (detailed);

Opening scene:
the past
• in greyscale
• party scene
• voiceover of Buzz talking about the 'perfect' day
• softer music
• 'suddenly the lights go out'
• gasping, screaming, etc.
• lights go on and the item's gone
• 'and my thing is gone'

Scene 2:
present
• blank background
• Buzz sitting on a chair
• talks about how much they love the thing
• Buzz saying 'I'm going to do whatever it takes to find it and whoever stole it'

Scene 3:
suspect 1 - Robot
• black background with suspect photo, name and location - typing animation
• located in LABVILLE
• Sound effects of computing equipment
• Buzz visits Labville
• Asks Robot questions
• Obvious signs of suspicion from Buzz

Scene 4:
suspect 2 - mickey and minnie
• black background with suspect photo, name and location - typing animation
• located in MICKEY MOUSE CLUBHOUSE
• Theme song
• Asks Mickey and Minnie questions
• Slight signs of suspicion from Buzz

Scene 5:
suspect 3 - winnie the pooh
• black background with suspect photo, name and location - typing animation
• located in 100 ACRE WOODS
•

Scene 6:
talking to jessie
• located in Andy's house - by the window & desk
• quiet and moody instrumental piece
• Buzz appears sad and lonely without his cookie
• Jessie approaches Buzz and talks about Alvin's & Simon's party for completed food collection
• Buzz is highly suspicious and makes his way to Alvin and Simon's party

Scene 7:
suspect 4 - alvin and simon
• black background with suspect photo, name and location - typing animation
• located in FOOD PARADISE
• song about food
• Asks Alvin and Simon questions and threatens that he will eat all their food
• Alvin and Simon confess

Scene 8:
court scene
• sentence Alvin and Simon to 5 years in Broccoli Land
• mallet sound effect

Scene 9:
final scene
• Alvin and Simon screaming in Broccoli Land as camera zooms out
• Screen turns black and credits come up
• Scene of Buzz and his cookie as credits roll

plot;

• use toys
• re-enactments
• going to another world
• having a dream
• starts with the truth
• quest
• mystery - something goes missing

Basic plot -
#1
• having a dream
• wake up
• dream happens in reality
•

#2 - antagonist steals protagonist's treasured possession
• stealing scene in greyscale - past
• protagonist narrating
• finds out the possession is missing
• tries to find it and who stole it
• finds the culprit
• court scene - sent to broccoli land
• antagonist screaming

effects;

• telling a story from the past (greyscale)
• having a dream (blurry, hazy)
• scene to scene (cut, wipe, fade in/out)
• green screen for background

introduction: (title);

• adding title in as video progresses
• using stop motion animation for the title using lego blocks, etc.

Plot/Body:
• soundtracks:
- instrumental
- song

In italics is the idea we'll be using. I will edit later.

inspirational videos;

We found these videos from youtube to be particularly helpful in showing us what we can achieve with our videos:

audio bit depth sampling size & sampling rate;

Sound travels by means of air. Since sound is pressure waves of air, without it (air), sound would not exist. In more technical terms, sound travels through mechanical waves that transfers energy from one place to another by means of mediums. This means that sound can travel through any form, whether it be liquid, gas or solid.

picture~

Sample size is the number of digits in the digital representation of each sample. It is measured in decimal digits.

Sample rate is measured in Hertz (Hz), or samples per second.

• AM radio ranges from 535 to 1705kHz
• FM radio ranges from 88 to 108 MHz
• Digital radio has frequencies below 30MHz

labels;

Use the labels on the sidebars to navigate easily and quicker.

animation;

sample frames & animation explained;

The following are frames that I have used throughout the animation.

-x-

The graphics aspects of this animation is made with Paint Tool SAI. Windows Live Movie Maker is used to combine the frames to make a whole animation.

The main image of the animation is the chameleon (specifically, Pascal from the movie Tangled). Originally the animation was supposed to be of Pascal eating crickets but I have decided to change my original ideas so that it will be done earlier and be somewhat easier.

The animation is basically a chameleon camouflaging, spelling C-O-O-L-O-C-K throughout each change. He blinks every 8 frames. After camouflaging, crickets drop on strings, spelling out 'GO COOLOCK'.

There is a paper texture for the background, so that the foreground (the branch and chameleon) is more distinct.

creation process;

While making the animations, I first made a file for each aspect of the image that will be animated (like blinking eyes, rolling tongue and each individual letters). I then created another file that will be the base for the frames and saved it first as .sai so that I can go back and change it. Once I finished the base, I started creating individual frames and pasting the animated aspects onto the frame and saved the frame in .png. I repeated the pasting and shifting for the next frames, saving them as .png.

After I finished all my frames, I imported them into Windows Live Movie Maker so that I can put together the animation. I changed the frame rate throughout and contemplated on whether to add audio.

Below are screenshots of my creation process:

Sketch;

Lineart;

Coloured + Animated aspects;

Background:

My workspace:

difficulties;

I had several difficulties during my process of creating the animation.

Problem: deciding on my main image/mascot

Solution: brainstormed ideas of renowned green characters; used Google

Problem: what to do for animation

Solution: before deciding on a mascot, I had difficulties thinking of ideas for animation. After I had my mascot, I decided to do animations that were relevant to this mascot (chameleon); brainstormed more ideas; drew some sketches

Problem: which program/s to use

Solution: picked a program that I recognised the most and am more comfortable with; thought of advantages of each program I have

Problem: managing time

Solution: tried allocating a few tasks per day; worked on theory/research tasks during lessons and graphics/drawings at home; made an effort to do a few frames a day

Problem: original idea not working out with so little time left

Solution: quickly thought of a new animation idea; worked hours straight, with occasional breaks

Problem: duration of frames not changing

Solution: researched online for possible solutions and reason for the problem

final size;

The final dimensions of the image is 450px x 350px. Upon conversion to .wmv, the frame width and height has changed to 320px x 240px.

In total, there are 192 frames for the animation, which equaled to 17 seconds, at approximately 11 frames per second (fps).

The size of the file for the animation is 1.1 MB (1 157 516 bytes).

scanner;

Canon CanoScan LiDE-700F:

Features:

Document, photo and film scanning with style and speed.

• High quality scanning at 9600x9600 optical dpi

• Film scanning: 1 frame of 35mm filmstrip (negative/positive)

• 4 EZ buttons allowing you to quickly create a multiple-page PDF file optimized for your originals, as well as copy, scan or e-mail images quickly and easily.

• FARE Level 3, the optimal software solution for film scanning

• Automatic dust & scratch, fading graininess and backlight correction technology

• One-plug-in startup - No power cord needed

• Instant warmup - saves you time and money

The optical resolution describes the ability of a scanner to capture an image. The greater the optical resolution, the more accurate.

DPI, very similar to PPI (pixels per inch), is the measure of the number of pixels per inch in an image/graphic. It is used to specify the image resolution and is a term to describe the measure of sharpness of an image.

The scanner has an optical resolution 9600 dpi x 9600 dpi.

Colour depth is describes the number of bits per pixel (bpp) that can be displayed on a computer. Each bit represents two colours, because it has a value of 0 or 1. The higher the colour depth, the more wider the range of distinct coloursColour depth is describes the number of bits per pixel (bpp) that can be displayed on a computer. Each bit represents two colours, because it has a value of 0 or 1. The higher the colour depth, the more wider the range of distinct colours.

The scanner has a colour depth of 48-bit.

digital camera;

I am looking for a digital camera that can capture moments and images in high and professional quality. I should look for cameras that have a minimum of 12 megapixels, which is a resolution of at least 4000x3000. I should look for a camera that uses SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity) memory cards.

I looked at two cameras:

This camera would suit my uses because it has 18 MP, with the suited resolution. Its memory card is SDHC.

This camera would suit my uses because it has is 24.6 MP, which is more than half of what I was looking for.

A card reader for the camera would be very useful especially when you take plenty of photos. It transfers the photos automatically, without you having to do it manually. By doing this, you will drain less of the camera's batteries and transfer your photos quickly and easily.