gantt chart;

synopsis;

This short video recounts the story of Buzz Lightyear as he undergoes several processes to locate his lost cookie. Through the use of his detective skills and memory, Buzz interviews potential suspects to find the culprit. Targeting the mass market (general audience), this video demonstrates the relentlessness of individuals when they lose a treasured item and the lengths they would go through to find it.

cyberlink powerdirector 2011;

Overview (official website):


Comparing to Windows Live Movie Maker:
red - Windows Movie Maker
purple - Cyberlink PowerDirector
Platforms Supported -
Windows 2000 - yes; no
Windows 7 - no; yes
Windows Vista - yes; yes
Windows XP - yes; yes

List Price -
$0; $69

Features -
Colour Correction - no; yes
Full-screen playback - yes; yes
Hi-Def Support - yes; yes
Linear timecode display - no; yes
Storyboard Mode - yes; yes

Hi-Def Import Formats Supported -
1080i - yes; yes
720p - yes; yes
AVC-1 - no; yes
AVCHD - yes; yes
HDV - yes; yes
Uncompressed HD - no; yes

Export Formats Supported -
DVD - yes; yes
High Definition - yes; yes
MPEG-4 - no; yes
Podcasts - no; yes
Print to tape - yes; yes
QuickTime - no; yes
Smart Phone - yes; yes
Web - no; yes
Windows Media - yes; yes

Max Audio Tracks -
2; 4

Max Video Tracks -
1; 10

Reviews:
http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/graphics-and-media-software/video-editing-software/cyberlink-powerdirector-8-625393/review
http://www.trustedreviews.com/CyberLink-PowerDirector-8_Software_review
http://video-editing-software-review.toptenreviews.com/powerdirector-review.html

adobe premiere cs5;

Overview (official website):


Comparing to Windows Live Movie Maker:
red - Windows Movie Maker
purple - Adobe Premiere Pro
Platforms Supported -
Mac OS X - no; yes
Windows 2000 - yes; no
Windows 7 - no; yes
Windows Vista - yes; yes
Windows XP - yes; yes

List Price -
$0; $1699

Features -
Changeable Aspect Ratios - no; yes
Colour Correction - no; yes
Drag and Drop - no; yes
Full-screen playback - yes; yes
Green Screen Editing - no; yes
Hi-Def Support - yes; yes
Linear timecode display - no; yes
Storyboard Mode - yes; yes

Hi-Def Import Formats Supported -
1080i - yes; yes
720p - yes; yes
AVCHD - yes; yes
DVCPRO HD - no; yes
HDV - yes; yes
IMX - no; yes
REDCODE - no; yes
Uncompressed HD - no; yes
XDCAM HD - no; yes

Export Formats Supported -
Blu-ray - no; yes
DVD - yes; yes
DivX - no; yes
High Definition - yes; yes
MPEG-4 - no; yes
Print to tape - yes; yes
QuickTime - no; yes
Smart Phone - yes; yes
Upload to Youtube - no; yes
Web - no; yes

Max Audio Tracks -
2; 99

Max Video Tracks -
1; 99

Reviews:
http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/graphics-and-media-software/image-editing-software/adobe-creative-suite-cs5-690548/review
http://www.trustedreviews.com/Adobe-Premiere-Pro-CS5_Software_review
http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=5699&review=Adobe+Premiere+Pro+CS5+Review

iphone file type;

Videos recorded and stored on the iPhone are QuickTime Movies.

The file format for QuickTime Movies is called the QuickTime File Format (QTFF) and the file extension is .mov. QTFF is developed by Apple Inc.

The format specifies a multimedia container file that contains one or more tracks, each of which stores a particular type of data: audio, video, effects or text. QuickTime and MP4 container formats can use the same MPEG-4 formats so they are mostly interchangeable.

iphone 4;

transferring video;

There are several ways to transfer video from an iPhone to a computer. Most of these methods would involve using an Apple Dock Connector to USB Cable. Methods include:

• Various programs can transfer files from the iPhone to computer - especially iTunes. However, the computer may not have the program.

• After connecting iPhone to computer, 'AutoPlay' will open and provide you with options, many of which would include something like: 'Import Pictures and Videos'. Choose 'Import pictures and videos using Windows'.

• Also in AutoPlay, there is an option that says 'Open device to view files'. Continue clicking the folders until you reach the folder with pictures and videos in. Here you can choose whichever picture/videos you want to transfer. Copy and paste.

• Start>My Computer Click folders until you reach the folder with the video. Copy and paste.

• If you don't have the connector, you can email the video to your account then download it to the computer.

• There are also apps that can transfer videos from the iPhone to the computer. (eg. apps that use bluetooth)

audio file formats;

WAV: .wav

Waveform Audio File Format;

WAV is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It is an application for storing data in 'chunks'. It is the main format used on Windows systems for raw and typically uncompressed audio. WAV is a leading format used by professional-level audio and video applications.

MP3: .mp3

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III;

MP3 is a patented (doesn't have a universally accepted definition) digital audio encoding using a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio storage as well as the conventional standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on digital audio players.

AIFF: .aiff .aif .aifc

Audio Interchange File Format;

AIFF is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for PCs and other electronic audio devices. It is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems. The audio data in a standard AIFF file is uncompressed pulse-code modulation (method to digitally represent sampled analog signals). Standard AIFF is a leading format used by professional-level audio and video applications.

decibel;

The decibel is used to measure sound level and is widely used in electronics, signals and communication. The decibel is a logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio - which may be power, sound pressure, voltage or intensity or others.

The symbol for decibel is dB.

hertz;

Hertz is a term in audio used to describe frequency or tone. It is the unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second. Human hearing is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 to 20 000 Hz. One of its most common uses is the description of sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications.

The symbol for hertz is Hz.

frequency;

Audio frequency refers to/represents the range of signals that are audible to the human ear. It is the property of sound that most determines pitch. Ultimately, audio frequency refers to the number of cycles per unit of time. It is measured in hertz (Hz). The general range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20 000 Hz, varying from individual to individual.

track;

A track is a single stream of any audio which contains channel/s. Tracks can be viewed and altered digitally. In the program Audacity, a track is shown in a waveform display.

Digital audio tracks let you store audio data as digital sound values rather than as musical symbols. A digital audio track works like a recording tape that you can include in a musical document and on which you can record whatever you want for subsequent playback.

channel;

Channel refers to an individual discrete audio track. One channel is just one separate stream of audio information. There is only one channel in mono audio sources. More commonly, there are sources that hold two channels - stereo sources. Sources with more than two channels are referred to as multichannel.

stereo;

Audio stereo refers to sound which is divided into two separate channels. These two channels are played back simultaneously via separate speakers. This causes it to create a fuller sound and provide the ability to mix sounds between both channels. Humans hear the world with two ears so using dual sound sources make it more realistic.

The following are examples of stereo sound:

• spreading the instruments in a music track from left to right

• following the action in a video

lossy file formats;

Audio:

• AAC - .mp4 .m4a .3gp

• ATRAC - .oma .aa3

• MP3 - .mp3

• MPEG-1 - .mp2

• Musepack - .mpc .mpp

• WMA - .wma

Still Image:

• CPC - .cpc

• DjVu - .djvu .djv

• JPEG - .jpg .jpeg

Video:

• DV - .dv .dif

• MNG - .mng

• MPEG-1 - .mpg .mpeg .mp2 .mp3 .mpa

• MPEG-2 - .mpg .mpeg .mp2 .mp3 .m2v

• Ogg Theora - .ogv

psychology & perception;

In methods of lossy compression, human psychology and perception is an important factor. This is because in lossy compressions, very little of the information from a file is still there. Without the deception of how the human eye perceives the difference of information, the file would be very noticeably different from the original. Without our minds to 'fill in the blanks', we would recognise the errors and inconsistencies in a lossy compression.

lossy vs lossless;

The method that offers the greatest compression ratio is lossy compression. The compression ratio of lossy video codecs are generally more superior to audio and still-image.
• The video can be compressed immensely at a 100:1 ratio with little visible quality loss.
• Audio can often be compressed at a 10:1 ratio with imperceptible loss of quality
• Still images are also often compressed at a 10:1 ratio.
The compression rate of lossy compression is about 5-6% while the rate of lossless compression ranges from 50 - 60%.

lossy & lossless;

Lossy and lossless compression are terms that describe whether or not, in the compression of file, all original data can be recovered when the file is uncompressed.

Lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there (however, it usually goes unnoticed). Lossy compression is generally used for video and audio where a certain amount of information loss will not be detected.
The JPEG image file uses lossy compression.

With lossless compression, every bit of data that was originally in the file remains after the file is uncompressed. All the information is restored completely. Generally, this type of compression is used for text or spreadsheet files where the loss of data would pose a potential problem.
The GIF image file uses lossless compression.

data compression importance;

Data compression is very important for the 'online world'. When visiting a website, all the picture files that our browser downloads (file extensions like .png, .jpg and .gif) are all compressed. This also includes videos when online.
Files that are relatively large can be compressed so that they are smaller in size. For example, if an mp3 file is 20MB originally, it can be shrunken to around 3-4MB through compression. This makes it easier to transfer data across the Internet (whether by downloading or uploading).

data compression;

Data compression is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation would use. Like the compression of images, it reduces the size and quality of the data which could then degrade the quality. Essentially, it is the process of encoding large files in order to shrink them down in size.

Data compression ratio is a term used to quantify the reduction in data-representation produced by a data compression algorithm. The compression ratio is:
compressed size
uncompressed size
(compressed size over uncompressed size)

generation loss;

Generation loss refers to the quality and potential increase of file size between subsequent copies of data. Anything that reduces the quality of the representation when copying, and would cause further reduction in quality upon making another copy from the copy, can be considered a form of generation loss.

In video, the video degredation is caused by successive recordings from the original source. It can also refer to the analog duplication of original video recording.

codec;

Codec is a technical name for 'compression/decompression'. It can also stand for 'compressor/decompressor' and 'code/decode'. Essentially, a codec is a computer program that both shrinks large movie files and makes them playable on your computer. Codec programs are required for your media player so that they are playable on your computer. This is useful since large video and music files are difficult to transfer across the Internet quickly. These mathematical codecs were built to encode (shrink) a signal for transmission then decode it for viewing or editing.

They are used in: videoconferencing, streaming media and video editing applications.

video standards;

NTSC

National Television System Committee;

The NTSC format consists of 29.97 interlaced frames of video a second, each consisting of 480 lines of vertical resolution out of a total of 525 (the rest are used for sync, vertical retrace, and other data such as captioning).

PAL

Phase Alternating Line;

PAL describes the way that part of the part of the colour information on the video signal is reversed in phase with each line, which automatically corrects phase errors in the transmission of the signal. The PAL colour system is usually used with a video format that has 625 lines per frame and a refresh rate of 25 frames per second.

SECAM

Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire/Sequential Colour with Memory;

SECAM is an analog television system, using frequency modulation to encode chrominance information. It is so named because it uses memory to store lines of color information, in order to eliminate the color artifacts found on systems using the NTSC standard.

Australia uses the PAL standard.

ieee 1394 port;

An IEEE 1394 port is also known as a FireWire. It is a component originated from Apple which allows connection of peripherals to a computer, such as video cameras. IEEE 1394 ports are like USB ports which are entry points for devices that you want to connect to your computer.

It allows you to get feeds from a high-resolution video camera onto a computer without experiencing issues. It also functions through peer-to-peer network, which means that devices can connect and 'talk' to each other without needing a computer. Because of this, today they have become a standard for high-bandwidth devices.

The following is an image of an IEEE 1394 port:

digital camera & video compression;

rgb;

Red Green Blue;

It is an additive colour model in which the three hues of light - red, green and blue - are added together in various ways so that they may reproduce a broader array of various colours. Essentially, these hues are 'mixed' together to form any colour.

The following is a colour model of RGB:

resolution;

Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image, or in this case, videos. The resolution is the number of pixels per square inch/dots per inch (dpi). It describes the details a frame holds so the greater the resolution of a frame, the better quality the video is.

The following is a comparison with the same image, each with different resolutions:

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video & movie frame rate;

In terms of video and movie, frame rate is the frequency/rate which each frame is flashed on a screen.

To answer the question, no, videos/movies don't all have the same frame rate. The rate in which the frame flashes varies according to the type/kind of video or movie that is being filmed. In fast-paced action movies or live sports matches, there would be a lot of cuts and varied fps. In slower types of videos/movies, a lower fps can be used. An example could include putting pictures and images together (animation) and changing the frame rate.

frame rate;

Frame rate is the frequency at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. Frame rate is used to measure the speed in which a frame stays still.
It is usually expressed as frames per seconds, but in terms of videos, they are expressed as hertz.

ringtones;

RINGTONEESS